Top Python Interview Questions and Answers for Beginners in 2024

1. What is Python?
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language. It is also known as a general-purpose programming language with a vast collection of tools and libraries that can be used to develop applications for many domains.  

2. What are some benefits of using Python for development?
Python is an open source programming language that has a simple, easy-to-read syntax. Applications built with Python are easy to maintain. Further, the programming language supports third-party packages, which makes it possible to modify and reuse the code.

3. What type of language is Python? 

Python is a high-level, interpreted, programming language. It has a straightforward syntax that is easy to read and write. Python supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. It is known as a beginner-friendly language and is suitable for a wide range of applications.  

4. What is a dynamically typed language? 

In programming languages, typing means type-checking, which is verifying and enforcing the data types of variables in a program during compile-time or runtime. Python is dynamically typed, which means that the type of a variable is interpreted at runtime and can change during the execution of a program.

5. Why is Python an interpreted language? 

Python is executed line by line at runtime. In other words, it runs directly from the source code and does not include machine-level code before runtime. The source code written by the programmer is converted into an intermediate language, which is again translated into machine language. 

6. What is the difference between lists and tuples in Python? 
In Python, sequence data types that can store a collection of objects are called Lists and Tuples. The objects stored in lists and tuples can have different data types. Lists are represented with square brackets [‘sara’, 6, 0.19], while tuples are represented with parantheses (‘ansh‘, 5, 0.97). Lists are mutable. They can be modified, appended or sliced on the go. On the other hand, tuples are immutable and cannot be modified in any way. 

7. What is pickling and unpickling?

These are serializing and deserializing processes in Python. Pickling is a serializing process used to convert a Python object into a byte stream. The function used for pickling is pickle.dump().  

Unpickling is the reverse of pickling. It is the process of reconstructing the original object from that byte stream. The function used for unpickling is pickle.load().

8. What is PEP 8? 
Python Enhancement Proposal of PEP 8 is an official design document that documents important details about Python. It can be referred to for information about the community and style guidelines for Python Code. Also, programmers should adhere to the PEP 8 guidelines when making ‘contributions to the Python open-source community.

9. What are Python modules?   

In Python, a module is a file containing Python code. It may include definitions of functions, classes, and variables, or runnable code. Modules are a way to organize and structure Python code by breaking it into smaller, more manageable pieces.

10. What is the difference between modules and libraries? 

A module is a single file containing Python code. A library is a collection of pre-written code and resources, often consisting of multiple modules. A module can be an individual file, but a library is typically a more extensive collection of related functionalities organized in a modular fashion.

11. What are decorators? 

Decorators are functions that let you add functionality to an existing function in Python without changing the structure of the function itself. It is a very useful functionality because decorators are flexible and used for tasks like logging, memoization, access control, and more. Decorators use the @decorator syntax before a function or method definition. 

12. What is type conversion in Python? 

When you convert one data type into another, it is called type conversion.  

• tuple() – This function is used to convert to a tuple.  
• list() – This function is used to convert any data type to a list type.  
• set() – This function returns the type after converting to set.  
• int() – This converts any data type into an integer type. 
• float() – This converts any data type into float type 
• dict() – This function is used to convert a tuple of order (key, value) into a dictionary.  
• str() – This is used to convert an integer into a string.  
• ord() – This converts characters into integer 
• hex() – This converts integers to hexadecimal 
• oct() – This converts integer to octal 
• complex(real,imag) – This function converts real numbers to complex(real,imag) number.

13. What is Scope in Python? 

A scope is a block of code where an object in Python remains relevant. The concept of scope is related to the concept of namespace. A Python scope determines where in your program a name is visible. The dictionaries that map names to objects are namespaces.

14. What are Python namespaces? 

Namespaces in Python are names assigned to objects. With each created object, its name, along with space, gets created. Namespace in Python is maintained like a dictionary where the key is the namespace, and the value is the address of the object. There are four types of namespaces in Python: 

• Built-in namespace: These namespaces have all the built-in objects in Python and are available whenever Python is running. 
• Global namespace: These are namespaces for all the objects created at the level of the main program. 
• Enclosing namespaces: These namespaces are at the higher level or outer function. 
• Local namespaces: These namespaces are at the local or inner function. 
  

15. What is __init__ in Python? 

In Python, __init__ is a special method, often referred to as the “initializer” or “constructor.” It is automatically called when an instance of a class is created. The primary purpose of __init__ is to initialize the attributes of the object. The __init__ is similar to constructors in object-oriented programming (OOP) terminology. 

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