Top Python Intermediate Interview Questions and Answers in 2024

1. What do you mean by Python literals? 

Literals are notations that represent a fixed value in the source code. Literals in Python refer to the raw data we assign to variables or constants while programming.  

There are five types of literals: 

• String Literals 
• Numeric Literals 
• Boolean Literals 
• Literal Collections 
• Special Literals 

2. What is the map function in Python? 

Map in Python functions as an iterator and helps return a result after applying a function to every item of an iterable (tuple, lists, etc.). Python developers use it when they want to employ a single transformation function to all the iterable elements. The iterable and function are passed as arguments to the map in Python.

3. Explain generators in Python.

Generators in Python are a way to create iterators using a function. They allow you to iterate over a potentially large set of data without loading the entire set into memory at once. Generators use the yield keyword to produce a series of values over multiple calls to the generator function.

4. What do you understand by iterators in Python? 

Iterators are objects that implement the iterator protocol. They consist of the __iter__() method (returns the iterator object) and the __next__() method (returns the next value from the iterator). Iterators are used to iterate through a sequence of elements, and many built-in Python objects like lists, tuples, and dictionaries are iterable.

5. Is it necessary to declare variables with respective data types in Python? 

No. Since Python is a dynamically typed language, you don’t need to explicitly declare the data type of a variable. The data type of a variable is automatically identified by the Python Interpreter based on the type of value assigned.

6. What is Dict and List Comprehension? 

Python comprehensions help create lists and dictionaries in Python. Comprehension helps dictionaries, sets from a given list, dictionary, or a set, or build altered and filtered lists. You can also create concise expressions using Comprehensions. With Comprehensions, there is no need for explicit loops. This can save time and help reduce code size during development. 

Comprehensions are beneficial when: 

• Performing mathematical operations on the entire list  
• Combining multiple lists into one  
• Flattening a multi-dimensional list  
• Performing conditional filtering operations on the entire list 

7. How to write comments in Python? 

Comments in Python start with the # symbol. Single-line comments can be written after #, and multiline comments are often created using triple-quotes (‘‘ or “””).

8. Is multiple inheritance supported in Python? 
Python supports multiple inheritance, that is, a class can inherit attributes and methods from more than one parent class. A scenario where a class is instantiated from more than one individual parent class is a multiple inheritance. This adds functionality and advantages.

9. What are Python modules?   

In Python, range and xrange are functions used to iterate inside a loop for a fixed number of times. Although function wise they are the same, there are differences regarding the Python version support for these functions and their return values. 

Xrange() is not supported in Python 3, but to iterate inside for loops, the range() function is used. However, the xrange() function is used in Python 2 to iterate inside for loops. 

As the range() method keeps the entire list of iterating numbers in memory, it consumes more memory. The xrange() method keeps only one number at a time in memory, and hence, takes less memory.

10. What do you understand by the word Tkinter? 

Tkinter is a standard built-in toolkit for GUI development in Python that we can start using by importing it into the script.

11. Is Python fully object oriented?

Yes, Python is a fully object-oriented programming (OOP) language. Everything in Python is an object, and the language supports basic OOP concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and more, except access specifiers. Python doesn’t support strong encapsulation. Although, it has a convention that can be used for data hiding.

12. Give any two differences between NumPy and SciPy. 

• NumPy, or Numerical Python, is used for numeric computations on numerical data saved in arrays. SciPy, or Scientific Python, is used to perform operations such as integration, differentiation, and more.  
• NumPy has some linear algebraic functions, but they are not full-fledged. SciPy has full-fledged algebraic functions for algebraic computations.

13. What are the file processing modes supported in Python?

The common file processing modes include: 

Three modes for opening files: 

• read-only mode (r) 
• write-only mode (w) 
• read–write mode (rw) 

To open a file using the above modes, append ‘t’ with them as follows: 

• read-only mode (rt) 
• write-only mode (wt) 
• read–write mode (rwt) 

Open a binary file appending ‘b’ with the modes as follows: 

• read-only mode (rb) 
• write-only mode (wb) 
• read–write mode (rwb) 

Use the append mode (a) to append the content in the files: 

• ‘at’ for text files 
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  Top Python Intermediate Interview Questions and Answers in 2024

  Top Python Intermediate Interview Questions. These interview questions helps you ace your 2024 Python interviews.

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