Question 1

Can we use Laravel for full stack development (Frontend + Backend)?

Accepted Answer

Laravel is used to create scalable, progressive full-stack web applications. You can write the backend of the app in Laravel and build a frontend with blade files or SPAs with Vue.js, included by default. You can also use Laravel to provide rest APIs to an SPA application. Laravel can be used to create full-stack applications and just backend APIs.

Question 2

What databases are supported by Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Laravel supports relational database systems through Eloquent ORM. The databases supported by Laravel include MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and SQL Server.

Question 3

What templating engine is used in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

The Blade templating engine is used for creating templates and rendering views in Laravel. It comes built-in with the Laravel framework and offers template inheritance, layout, and convenient control structures to help you write clean and maintainable template files. Blade templates have a .blade.php file extension and are stored in the resources/views directory.

Question 4

What is Composer in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Composer in Laravel is a tool that works as a package manager for the framework. It helps you add fresh new packages and libraries from different sources directly into the application. One of the most common examples used for authentication purposes is a Passport. It generates a composer.json in the project directory to track all linked packages. Passport package can easily be easily installed with composer.

Question 5

What is Maintenance mode in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance mode in Laravel puts an application into a temporary maintenance mode for updates, upgrades, or maintenance on the server without affecting the user experience.

If you try to access the application during maintenance mode, a 503 Service Unavailable error page is displayed, which means that the site is down for maintenance.

The php artisan down command is run to enable maintenance mode in Laravel. This creates a down file in the storage directory that triggers the maintenance mode.

Question 6

What are the default route files used in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Default route files in Laravel help define different types of routes for an application. These files are stored in the Routes directory in the project. The main default route files include:

The  web.php  file, which contains routes for web applications for features like sessions, CSRF protection, and cookies. These web-based routes are assigned to the web middleware group.

The  api.php  file is for routes that cater to APIs with stateless requests. Routes in this file automatically get assigned the api middleware group, which includes rate limiting and token-based authentication.

The  console.php  file defines Artisan commands, which are custom commands that can be executed in the command line. The file makes it simpler to manage and automate tasks within your application.

The  channels.php  file is designed for defining and customizing broadcast channels for a Laravel application. It uses WebSockets to handle real-time data broadcasting and handles channel authorization.

Question 7

What is Soft Delete in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Soft delete is a feature in Laravel that helps remove a record from a database without deleting it permanently. When you use the soft delete feature, it adds a timestamp to the record's deleted_at column instead of the record being entirely removed from the table. This marks the record as deleted but keeps it in the database. Soft delete feature helps in recovering and restoring deleted records that were accidentally deleted. It also helps when you need to show a history of deleted items in your application.

Question 8

How to define environment variables in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Environment variables are used in Laravel to store and manage sensitive configuration values like database credentials API keys, or other settings that may vary between different development, staging, or production environments. Using environment variables helps keep environment-specific configurations and sensitive data separate from your codebase, which ensures better security and maintainability.

Question 9

What is the importance of seeders in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

In Laravel, seeders are PHP classes that define and manage test or initial data for your application. Seeders help when you are populating database tables with sample or default data. Seeders help Laravel developers during the development phase as the ability to quickly fill tables with data helps in testing, presenting, and developing features without manual input.

Question 10

What are Contracts in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Contracts in Laravel are a set of interfaces that define the core services provided by the framework. Contracts in Laravel ensure code flexibility, maintainability, and robustness. It is possible to have a standardized and clearly defined API for services through Contracts.  Different implementations of the services can be used without altering the core Laravel code by adhering to their corresponding contracts. Using Contracts helps with better code organization and ease the process of creating testable, decoupled, and interchangeable implementations of various services.

Question 11

How to reduce memory usage in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

The cursor method can be used when processing large amounts of data on Laravel, as it helps Laravel retrieve the results in smaller bits, thereby consuming less memory. This method utilizes PHP generators to get one record at a time, which does not consume more RAM.

Question 12

Explain the three Artisan commands in Laravel.

Accepted Answer

PHP artisan down is a command that puts the application into maintenance mode. This allows developers to carry out maintenance tasks without affecting the users.

PHP artisan up is a command that allows users to access the site once again as it takes the application out of maintenance mode.

PHP artisan make:controller is a command that creates a new controller class for an application.

PHP artisan make:model is a command that creates a new Eloquent model class for the application.

PHP artisan make:migration command creates a new database migration file. It allows you to modify your database schema.

PHP artisan make:middleware is a command that creates a new middleware class for your application. It can be used to modify HTTP requests and responses.

Question 13

What are CSRF tokens in Laravel?

Accepted Answer

Laravel automatically generates a CSRF "token" for each active user session managed by the application. This token is used to verify that the authenticated user is the person actually making the requests to the application. Since this token is stored in the user's session and changes each time the session is regenerated, a malicious application is unable to access it. CSRF tokens help protect web apps and its users against CSRF attacks.

Question 14

What are the server requirements for installing the latest version of Laravel?

Accepted Answer

The Laravel framework has a few system requirements. You should ensure that your web server has the following minimum PHP version and extensions:   
 
 PHP >= 8.2

Ctype PHP Extension

cURL PHP Extension

DOM PHP Extension

Fileinfo PHP Extension

Filter PHP Extension

Hash PHP Extension

Mbstring PHP Extension

OpenSSL PHP Extension

PCRE PHP Extension

PDO PHP Extension

Session PHP Extension

Tokenizer PHP Extension

XML PHP Extension

Question 15

How to rollback a migration?

Accepted Answer

You need to access the migrations table to rollback a migration. Each migration table has a unique batch number and helps to roll back the last batch. Use the php artisan migrate:rollback --step=1 command to rollback the batch of migration.

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